Global & Disaster Medicine

Five people have died following a workplace shooting in Aurora Friday afternoon. The suspect, identified as Gary Martin, was shot dead

CBS2

 


Aurora, IL: Four police officers were injured as were a “number of civilians” in a mass shooting at a company shop. Possibly 1 death.

CNN

  • “What happened: A gunman opened fire at the Henry Pratt Company in Aurora, Illinois, a manufacturing plant southwest of Chicago.
  • The suspect: Aurora police said the alleged shooter is in custody.
  • Victims: An Aurora city official says four police officers were struck along with a number of civilians….”


North Macedonia: A bus carrying workers crashed into a ravine outside Skopje Wednesday, killing 14 people and injuring about 30

Daily Mail

“…………Venko Filipce, the newly renamed European nation’s health minister, said seven people were pronounced dead at the scene and the rest died after being taken to a hospital. Six of those injured had life-threatening conditions…..

The bus was carrying about 50 people when it veered off a highway linking Skopje with…. Tetovo and plunged 10 meters (30 feet) into a small ravine, landing upside down. The cause of the crash…wasn’t yet known…..”


Allegedly: A third man suspected of involvement in the nerve agent poisoning of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal in England last year is a high-ranking Russian military intelligence agent

Reuters

‘……Bellingcat [investigative website] said it had identified a third Russian agent who was also in Britain at the time and was suspected of being involved.

“Bellingcat can now reveal the true identity and background of this GRU officer, who operated internationally under the cover persona of Sergey Vyachaeslavovich Fedotov,” it said.

“In fact, this person is Denis Vyacheslavovich Sergeev, a high-ranking GRU officer and a graduate of Russia’s Military Diplomatic Academy.”…..’


Kashmir: An attack on a convoy of Indian soldiers killed 37 and wounded five

CNN

 


Parkland, 2/14/2018: 17 dead, 17 injured

NYT

The five bullet wounds he took as he barricaded a classroom door to protect other students have healed, remarkably. But his recovery is far from over. And the prospect of being asked to testify in court looms in the future……..

Now a sophomore, she was inside the freshman building where the shooting took place. Her lab partner, Alyssa Alhadeff, was killed. So were two of her creative-writing classmates. During the interview, loud squawks from birds flying overhead made her jumpy……..

The Coral Springs police officers — who have been friends for more than 25 years — were among the first emergency personnel to enter the freshman building. Their counterparts at the Broward Sheriff’s Office were criticized for failing to try to confront the gunman……..

The 2017 Stoneman Douglas graduate co-founded the March for Our Lives organization after the shooting, though he is not among the group’s well-known leaders. He left college to help with merchandising, but became the organization’s creative director after he designed a T-shirt that could be scanned with a cellphone to register someone to vote…….

She’s a senior whose boyfriend, Joaquin Oliver, known as Guac, was killed in the shooting, months before he was expected to graduate. Only in December did she take what she considered the first step toward healing: planting a memorial garden at the school to commemorate the lives lost. She keeps the flowers Joaquin gave her last Valentine’s Day—his “last act of love,” she calls them— in a vase. ………

Like many other parents, Joaquin Oliver’s mother and father have become dedicated activists since their son’s death. One of them was elected to the local school board. While the families don’t all share the same political views, they stay in touch and occasionally meet, knowing they are bound by the pain of losing a child…….

An English and journalism teacher and yearbook adviser at Stoneman Douglas, she compiled stories from shooting survivors into a book. Two of her students, Jaime Guttenberg and Meadow Pollack, were killed…….”

 


An enhanced-delivery anthrax vaccine formulation

Weir GM, MacDonald LD, Rajagopalan R, et al. Single dose of DPX-rPA,
an enhanced-delivery anthrax vaccine formulation, protects against a
lethal _Bacillus anthracis_ spore inhalation challenge. npj Vaccines,
Abstract
——–
Anthrax is a serious biological threat caused by pulmonary exposure to
aerosolized spores of _Bacillus anthracis_. Biothrax® (anthrax
vaccine adsorbed (AVA)) is the only Food and Drug
Administration-licensed vaccine and requires 5 administrations over 12
months with annual boosting to maintain pre-exposure prophylaxis. Here
we report the evaluation of a single intramuscular injection of
recombinant _B. anthracis_-protective antigen (rPA) formulated in the
DPX delivery platform. Immune responses were compared to an alum-based
formulation in mice and rabbits. Serological analysis of anti-rPA
immunoglobulin G and toxin neutralization activity demonstrated higher
responses induced by DPX-rPA when compared to rPA in alum. DPX-rPA was
compared to AVA in rabbits and non-human primates (NHPs). In both
species, DPX-rPA generated responses after a single immunization,
whereas AVA required two immunizations. In rabbits, single injection
of DPX-rPA or two injections of AVA conferred 100% protection from
anthrax challenge. In NHPs, single-dose DPX-rPA was 100% protective
against challenge, whereas one animal in the 2-dose AVA group and all
saline administered animals succumbed to infection. DPX-rPA was
minimally reactogenic in all species tested. These data indicate that
DPX-rPA may offer improvement over AVA by reducing the doses needed
for protective immune responses and is a promising candidate as a
new-generation anthrax vaccine.

A truck bomb attack on a bus carrying members of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, killed 27 Guards and wounded 13

NPR


Yellow fever – Brazil: From December 2018 through January 2019, 361 confirmed human cases, including eight deaths, have been reported in 11 municipalities of two states of Brazil.

WHO

Disease outbreak news
11 February 2019

Brazil is currently in the seasonal period for yellow fever, which occurs from December through May. The expansion of the historical area of yellow fever transmission to areas in the south-east of the country in areas along the Atlantic coast previously considered risk-free led to two waves of transmission (Figure 1). One during the 2016–2017 seasonal period, with 778 human cases, including 262 deaths, and another during the 2017–2018 seasonal period, with 1376 human cases, including 483 deaths.

From December 2018 through January 2019, 361 confirmed human cases, including eight deaths, have been reported in 11 municipalities of two states of Brazil. In the southern part of São Paulo state, seven municipalities:El dorado (16 cases), Jacupiranga (1 case), Iporanga (7 cases), Cananeia (3 cases), Cajati (2), Pariquera-Açu (1), and Sete Barras (1) reported confirmed cases. In the same state, additional cases in Vargem (1) and Serra Negra (1) municipalities were confirmed on the border with Minas Gerais State. Additionally, two cases have been confirmed in the municipalities of Antonina and Adrianópolis, located in the eastern part of Paraná State. These are the first confirmed yellow fever cases reported since 2015 from Paraná, a populous state with an international border. Among these confirmed cases, 89% (32/36) are male, the median age is 43 years, and at least 64% (23/36) are rural workers.

Human cases reported so far during the current 2018–2019 period (July 2018 to Jan 2019) in nine municipalities in São Paulo State, as well as the confirmation of human cases and epizootic due to yellow fever in the state of Paraná, mark the beginning of what could be a third wave and a progression of the outbreak towards the Southeast and South regions of the country (Figure 2). While too early to determine if this year will show the high numbers of human cases observed in the last two large seasonal peaks, there is indication that the virus transmission is continuing to spread in a southerly direction and in areas with low population immunity.


Measles in the Philippines: from 1 January to 9 February this year, a total of 4,302 measles cases have been reported, with 70 deaths.

Philippines DOH

measles, outbreak, vaccines, immunization

The Department of Health (DOH) today points to vaccine hesitancy as one of the reasons for the recent measles outbreak in some regions of the country.
 
Validated data from different regions of the country by the Epidemiology Bureau of DoH revealed that from 1 January to 9 February this year, a total of 4,302 measles cases have been reported, with 70 deaths.
Ages of cases ranged from 1 month up to 75 years old with 1 to 4 years old (34%) followed by less than 9 months old (27%) as the most affected age-groups.  Sixty-six percent of them had no history of vaccination against measles.
Of the total deaths, ages ranged from one month to 31 years old. Notably, 79% of those who died had no history of vaccination.
 
Regions with high reported cases are NCR (1,296 cases and 18 deaths) CALABARZON (1,086 cases and 25 deaths), Central Luzon (481 cases with 3 deaths), Western Visayas (212 cases and 4 deaths) and Northern Mindanao (189 cases and 2 deaths).
 
Eastern Visayas, MIMAROPA, CALABARZON, Central Visayas and Bicol are regions that have shown increasing trend as to reported cases for this week.  
 
Vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services.
 
The causes of measles outbreak involved a number of factors or elements. Loss of public confidence and trust in vaccines in the immunization program brought about by the Dengvaxia controversy has been documented as one of many factors that contributed to vaccine hesitancy in the country. This refers to mothers who became hesitant to have their children vaccinated with vaccines that were long proven to be effective.
 
 On October 2018, the World Health Organization conducted a study in selected areas in Metro Manila to identify reasons for not bringing their children for immunization. The top reasons are the following: fear due to Dengvaxia, and the lack of time among households.
 
Moreover, results of the vaccine confidence project in 2015 against 2018 by London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine on the respondents’ views that vaccines are important decreased from 93% to 32%; safe and effective from 82% down to 21% and vaccine confidence dropped from 93 to 32% respectively.
 
DOH has been conducting vaccination activities against measles such as Outbreak Immunization Responses (ORI) in several regions. This was followed by a nationwide Supplemental Immunization Activity (SIA) for 6 to 59 months old which was conducted in 2 phases – in April 2018 (NCR and Mindanao) and in September 2018 (other parts of Luzon and Visayas).  Despite the efforts of health workers, the SIA campaign had achieved a coverage of 69% during Phase 1 of implementation and 29% in Phase 2.
 
“I appeal to the public to rebuild your trust and confidence in vaccines that were long proven to be effective, and I am quite sure that all of us sometime in our lives have been recipients of these vaccines which had protected us from various diseases,” Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III concluded.


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